Spatial reorganization of the Brazilian Unified National Health System's inpatient care supply.

The joint provision of efficient and equitable healthcare service delivery is a critical factor in improving social welfare. However, healthcare services pose a particular challenge when balancing healthcare provider efficiency and equity. Typically characterized by economies of scale and scope, inpatient care involves a wide variety of medical care that usually demands a broad range of health professional expertise and technological complexity to ensure health care quality. This study analyzes the current spatial organization of the Brazilian general hospitals and their respective flow of patients to identify the possible benefits of closing inefficient hospitals. We studied how inpatient care referrals may be reallocated without increasing access inequities following the potential closure of inefficient public hospitals. We used data from the Brazilian Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIH/SUS) and the Brazilian National Register of Health Establishments (CNES). The smallest and least efficient hospitals were selected as units for potential closure, conditioned on an optimization criterion that minimizes patient travel distances to the nearest efficient hospital. Our results show that there is room for hospital resource reorganization in Brazil without compromising health care access equity.

Census of Brazilian social health organizations: survey and characterization

Objective: To identify and characterize the Brazilians' establishments managed by the Social Health Organizations (OSS). Methods: The identification of these establishments was carried out through primary research on four search procedures on the websites of the health departments of the states and municipalities, and consultation on the websites of the OSS and in the Survey of Basic Municipal Information of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2018. A descriptive analysis of the establishments managed by OSS was carried out comparing with the AD according to hospital indicators. Results: The OSS are concentrated mainly in the Southeast and South of the country, with 69% of these establishments are being managed by 20 social responsibility organizations. The establishments managed by OSS are concentrated mainly in the Southeast and South of the country, with 69% of these establishments managed by 20 OSS. The characterization of the hospitals shows that the OSS has a better performance than DA; however, the difference decreases as the size increases. Larger hospitals performed better than other sizes, and this is where the highest proportion of OSS is concentrated among hospitals. Conclusion: This is the first work that surveys the OSS at the national level. This list of OSS is an important tool for planning, monitoring, and organizing the structure of service provision in public health in Brazil. The results found demonstrate the need to organize an administrative database that allows a temporal monitoring of the establishments.

Censo das organizações sociais de saúde brasileiras: levantamento e caracterização / Census of Brazilian social health organizations: survey and characterization

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar os estabelecimentos geridos por Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSSs) no Brasil. Métodos: A identificação desses estabelecimentos foi realizada mediante quatro procedimentos de busca por meio de pesquisa primária nos sítios das secretarias de saúde dos estados e dos municípios e consulta nos sítios das OSS e na Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), em 2018. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos estabelecimentos geridos por OSS comparando com as Administrações Diretas (ADs) segundo indicadores hospitalares. Resultados: Os estabelecimentos geridos por OSSs estão concentrados principalmente no Sudeste e no Sul do país, e 69% desses estabelecimentos são geridos por 20 OSSs. As OSSs estão mais presentes em hospitais-dia, seguidos de prontos atendimentos e de hospitais. A caracterização dos hospitais mostrou que aqueles administrados por OSSs apresentam melhor desempenho; contudo as diferenças diminuem à medida que se aumenta o porte do serviço. Os hospitais de maior porte apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação aos demais e é onde está concentrada a maior proporção de OSSs entre os hospitais. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro trabalho que faz uma identificação das OSSs em nível nacional. Essa listagem das OSSs é um instrumento importante de planejamento, monitoramento e organização da estrutura de oferta de serviços no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os resultados encontrados demonstram a necessidade de organização de uma base de dados administrativa que permita um acompanhamento do desempenho dos estabelecimentos no tempo.

Objective: To identify and characterize the Brazilians' establishments managed by the Social Health Organizations (OSS). Methods: The identification of these establishments was carried out through primary research on four search procedures on the websites of the health departments of the states and municipalities, and consultation on the websites of the OSS and in the Survey of Basic Municipal Information of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2018. A descriptive analysis of the establishments managed by OSS was carried out comparing with the AD according to hospital indicators. Results: The OSS are concentrated mainly in the Southeast and South of the country, with 69% of these establishments are being managed by 20 social responsibility organizations. The establishments managed by OSS are concentrated mainly in the Southeast and South of the country, with 69% of these establishments managed by 20 OSS. The characterization of the hospitals shows that the OSS has a better performance than DA; however, the difference decreases as the size increases. Larger hospitals performed better than other sizes, and this is where the highest proportion of OSS is concentrated among hospitals. Conclusion: This is the first work that surveys the OSS at the national level. This list of OSS is an important tool for planning, monitoring, and organizing the structure of service provision in public health in Brazil. The results found demonstrate the need to organize an administrative database that allows a temporal monitoring of the establishments.

Profile of general hospitals in the Unified Health System.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the organization of Brazilian general hospitals that provide services to the Unified Health System using indicators that describe the main dimensions of hospital care. METHODS A 2015 cross-sectional observational study, comprising the range of general hospitals that serve the Unified Health System. We constructed the hospital indicators from two national administrative databases: the National Registry of Health Facilities and the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. The indicators include the main dimensions associated with hospital care: public-private mix, production, production factors, performance, quality, case-mix and geographic coverage. Latent class analysis of indicators with bootstrapping was used to identify hospital profiles. RESULTS We identified three profiles, with hospital size being the variable with the highest degree of belonging. Small hospitals show low occupancy rates (21.36%) and high participation of hospitalizations that could have been solved with outpatient care, besides attending only medium complexity cases. They receive few non-residents, indicating that they are mainly dedicated to the local population. Medium-sized hospitals are more similar to small-sized ones: about 100% of the visits are of medium complexity, low occupancy rate (45.81%), high rate of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions (17.10%) and relative importance in the healthcare provision of non-residents (26%). Large hospitals provide high complexity care, have an average occupancy rate of 64.73% and show greater geographical coverage. CONCLUSIONS The indicators point to three hospital profiles, characterized mainly by the production scale. Small hospitals show low performance, suggesting the need to reorganize hospital care provision, especially at the municipal level. The set of proposed indicators includes the main dimensions of hospital care, providing a tool that can help to plan and continuously monitor the hospital network of the Unified Health System.

Profile of general hospitals in the Unified Health System / Perfil dos hospitais gerais do Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the organization of Brazilian general hospitals that provide services to the Unified Health System using indicators that describe the main dimensions of hospital care. METHODS A 2015 cross-sectional observational study, comprising the range of general hospitals that serve the Unified Health System. We constructed the hospital indicators from two national administrative databases: the National Registry of Health Facilities and the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. The indicators include the main dimensions associated with hospital care: public-private mix, production, production factors, performance, quality, case-mix and geographic coverage. Latent class analysis of indicators with bootstrapping was used to identify hospital profiles. RESULTS We identified three profiles, with hospital size being the variable with the highest degree of belonging. Small hospitals show low occupancy rates (21.36%) and high participation of hospitalizations that could have been solved with outpatient care, besides attending only medium complexity cases. They receive few non-residents, indicating that they are mainly dedicated to the local population. Medium-sized hospitals are more similar to small-sized ones: about 100% of the visits are of medium complexity, low occupancy rate (45.81%), high rate of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions (17.10%) and relative importance in the healthcare provision of non-residents (26%). Large hospitals provide high complexity care, have an average occupancy rate of 64.73% and show greater geographical coverage. CONCLUSIONS The indicators point to three hospital profiles, characterized mainly by the production scale. Small hospitals show low performance, suggesting the need to reorganize hospital care provision, especially at the municipal level. The set of proposed indicators includes the main dimensions of hospital care, providing a tool that can help to plan and continuously monitor the hospital network of the Unified Health System.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar a organização dos hospitais gerais brasileiros que prestam serviço ao Sistema Único de Saúde por meio de indicadores que descrevem as principais dimensões do cuidado hospitalar. MÉTODOS Estudo observacional transversal para o ano de 2015, compreendendo o universo dos hospitais gerais que atendem o Sistema Único de Saúde. Os indicadores hospitalares foram construídos a partir de duas bases de dados administrativos nacionais: o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimento de Saúde e o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os indicadores contemplam as principais dimensões associadas ao cuidado hospitalar: mix público-privado, produção, fatores de produção, desempenho, qualidade, case-mix e abrangência geográfica. A análise de classes latentes dos indicadores com implementação do bootstrapping foi utilizada para a identificação dos perfis hospitalares. RESULTADOS Foram identificados três perfis, sendo porte hospitalar a variável com grau de pertencimento mais elevado. Os hospitais pequenos apresentam baixas taxas de ocupação (21,36%) e elevada participação de internações que poderiam ter sido solucionadas com cuidado ambulatorial, além de atenderem somente a média complexidade. Recebem poucos não residentes, indicando que estão dedicados praticamente à população local. Os hospitais de médio porte se assemelham mais aos de pequeno porte: cerca de 100% dos atendimentos são de média complexidade, baixa taxa de ocupação (45,81%), elevada taxa de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (17,10%) e relativa importância no atendimento de não residentes (26%). Os hospitais grandes realizam os atendimentos de alta complexidade, têm taxa de ocupação média de 64,73% e apresentam maior abrangência geográfica. CONCLUSÕES Os indicadores apontam três perfis de hospitais, caracterizados principalmente pela escala de produção. Os hospitais de pequeno porte apresentam baixa performance, sugerindo a necessidade de reorganização da oferta do cuidado hospitalar, principalmente no nível municipal. O conjunto dos indicadores propostos inclui as principais dimensões do cuidado hospitalar, fornecendo uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada no planejamento e monitoramento contínuo da rede hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde.

[The impact of changes in age-related and cause-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the 1990s]. / O impacto de variações na mortalidade por idade e causas sobre os ganhos na esperança de vida ao nascer em Santa Catarina, Brasil, nos anos 90.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of changes in age-related and cause-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the 1990s. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the three-year periods 1989/1990/1991 and 1998/1999/2000. Infant mortality rates and specific mortality rates for individuals > or = 1 year of age were calculated by gender and cause of death. The Pollard method was used to disaggregate the contributions by mortality from different causes and in different ages to life expectancy at birth. The age groups that contributed the most to the increase in life expectancy at birth were 0-1 year and > or = 70 years. The causes of death that most contributed to this increase were chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, in the age brackets above 35 years, and neonatal diseases in the < 1-year bracket. Finally, there were a high proportion of deaths from ill-defined causes, indicating that the true cause-related mortality structure in the State is still unknown.

O impacto de variacões na mortalidade por idade e causas sobre os ganhos na esperanca de vida ao nascer em Santa Catarina, Brasil, nos anos 90 / The impact of changes in age-related and cause-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the 1990s

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto de variacões na mortalidade por idade e causas sobre os ganhos na esperanca de vida ao nascer, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, nos anos 90. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informacões sobre Mortalidade (SIM) para os triênios 1989/1990/1991 e 1998/1999/2000. Calculou-se taxas de mortalidade infantil e taxas específicas para indivíduos de 1 ano ou mais, por sexo e causas de morte. Aplicou-se, ainda, o método de Pollard, que desagregou as contribuicões da mortalidade por causas e idades para a variacão da esperanca de vida ao nascer. Os grupos de idade que mais contribuíram para o aumento da esperanca de vida ao nascer foram o de 0 a 1 ano e o de 70 anos e mais. As causas de morte que mais contribuíram para esse aumento foram as crônico-degenerativas, como circulatórias, nas idades acima de 35 anos, e as afeccões neonatais, no primeiro ano de idade. Finalmente, merece atencão a elevada proporcão de óbitos por causas mal definidas, o que indica que a verdadeira estrutura de causas de morte no estado é desconhecida.